Can Programming Languages Boost Each Other via Instruction Tuning?

When human programmers have mastered a programming language, it would be easier when they learn a new programming language. In this report, we focus on exploring whether programming languages can boost each other during the instruction fine-tuning phase of code large language models. We conduct extensive experiments of 8 popular programming languages (Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, C, C++, Java, Go, HTML) on StarCoder. Results demonstrate that programming languages can significantly improve each other. For example, CodeM-Python 15B trained on Python is able to increase Java by an absolute 17.95% pass@1 on HumanEval-X. More surprisingly, we found that CodeM-HTML 7B trained on the HTML corpus can improve Java by an absolute 15.24% pass@1. Our training data is released at https://github.com/NL2Code/CodeM.Comment: Work in progres

Strong Neel ordering and luminescence correlation in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet

Magneto-optical effect has been widely used in light modulation, optical sensing and information storage. Recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals layered magnets are considered as promising platforms for investigating novel magneto-optical phenomena and devices, due to the long-range magnetic ordering down to atomically-thin thickness, rich species and tunable properties. However, majority 2D antiferromagnets suffer from low luminescence efficiency which hinders their magneto-optical investigations and applications. Here, we uncover strong light-magnetic ordering interactions in 2D antiferromagnetic MnPS3 utilizing a newly-emerged near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) mode far below its intrinsic bandgap. This ingap PL mode shows strong correlation with the Neel ordering and persists down to monolayer thickness. Combining the DFT, STEM and XPS, we illustrate the origin of the PL mode and its correlation with Neel ordering, which can be attributed to the oxygen ion-mediated states. Moreover, the PL strength can be further tuned and enhanced using ultraviolet-ozone treatment. Our studies offer an effective approach to investigate light-magnetic ordering interactions in 2D antiferromagnetic semiconductors

Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Dynamic Behaviors of Concrete Material Based on the Waveform Features in SHPB Test

The tendency of the waveform curve can directly reflect the deformation and failure process of specimen in the SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) test of concrete. Different loading rates will result in the different ultimate failure modes, waveform curves. Furthermore, these differences are obviously characterized by some feature points of waveform or stress-strain curves. It is to say for concrete-like damage softening materials, the waveform features contains lots of information of material response. In this study, large dimension (Ф120mm) SHPB tests of concrete specimens have been conducted. Four typical failure patterns of concrete specimens are classified, as well as some typical waveform features, e.g. the “double-peak” and“compression wave” phenomena of reflection wave, etc. On the other hand, the numerical simulations corresponding to the experimental tests are performed by means of the 3D meso-scale model of concrete material. In the numerical results, waveform features observed in experiment are reliably reproduced and predicted. Associating with waveform features, the violation indicator of the specimen stress equilibrium in the SHPB test is first identified for concrete-like damage softening materials. The concrete material behaviors forstress non-equilibrium are further analyzed, e.g. DIF and damage development, etc

The Fabrication of Full Chromatography SiO2@PDA Photonic Crystal Structural Colored Fabric with High Thermal Stability

Traditional textile dyeing and finishing industries are two of the most important sources of high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emissions. Structural color, as a clean ecological staining method that does not require any dye or pigment, has received extreme attention from researchers. In this study, core-shell structures of SiO2@PDA microspheres were prepared by coating polydopamine (PDA) formed by rapid polymerization of dopamine (DA) on the surface of SiO2 microspheres. Moreover, the structural colors of full chromatography were successfully prepared by vertical self-assembly on silk. The morphology and chemical structure of the prepared SiO2@PDA microspheres were studied by SEM and FT-IR, and the morphology and optical properties of the structured colored fabrics were characterized by SEM and material microscope. The different structural colors of the entire visible region were obtained by controlling the particle size of SiO2@PDA microspheres and the viewing angle of the SiO2@PDA photonic crystal, which are consistent with Bragg’s diffraction law. Since the SiO2@PDA photonic crystal has thermal stability, the prepared structural color fabric could remain highly saturated in color at temperatures up to 200 °C. This has a previously unreported high thermal stability on structural colors of silk. Therefore, the research work will demonstrate a structural color fabric that can prepare full chromatography with high thermal stability

Establishment and Verification of the Kinetics Model of Uranium Continuous Dissolution by Using Discrete Element Method

Continuous dissolution of spent fuel is indeed one of the key technologies that can significantly improve the efficiency and stability of spent fuel reprocessing. The China Institute of Atomic Energy designed a prototype rotary drum dissolver, and the dissolution behavior of UO2 pellets in the dissolver was calculated using the Discrete Element Method. A kinetic equation was established to model the dissolution behavior, considering variables such as temperature, nitric acid concentration, and stirring intensity. The calculations showed that complete pellet dissolution took about 10 h in the continuous reaction, compared to 6 h in the batch dissolution experiment due to the gradual decrease in nitric acid concentration. A 16 h continuous dissolution experiment confirmed the calculated results, with a deviation of 10.8% between the simulation and experiment in terms of the mass of dissolved pellets. It was also found that it takes approximately 30 h to reach equilibrium in the continuous rotary dissolver, with a nitric acid concentration of 2.8 mol/L and a uranium concentration of 243 g/L at equilibrium

Extraction of Uranium in Nitric Media with Novel Asymmetric Tetra-Alkylcarbamide

The use of tetra-alkylcarbamides as novel ligands: N,N-butyl-N’,N’-hexylurea (L1: ABHU), and N,N-butyl-N’,N’-pentylurea (L2: ABPU), for the solvent extraction and complexation behaviors of uranium(VI) was synthesized and investigated in this study. The effects of HNO3 and NO3− concentrations in the aqueous phase on the distribution ratio of U(VI) were examined. Under 5 mol/L HNO3 concentration, DU reached 5.02 and 4.94 respectively without third-phase formation. During the extraction, slope measurements and IR spectral analysis revealed that the U(VI) complexes are a form of UO2(NO3)2·2L for both ligands. In addition, thermodynamic studies showed that the uranium extraction reaction was a spontaneous exothermic reaction. The deep structural analysis of the complexes was realized with DFT calculation. The bond length, bond properties, and topology of the complexes were discussed in detail to analyze the extraction behavior. This study enriches the coordination chemistry of U(VI) by tetra-alkylcarbamides, which may offer new clues for the design and synthesis of novel ligands for the separation, enrichment, and recovery of uranium in the nuclear fuel cycle

Fluorescent Films Based on Molecular-Gel Networks and Their Sensing Performances

A pyrene-capped terthiophene of cholesteryl derivative (CholG-3T-Py) was designed, synthesized, and utilized for the fabrication of a fluorescent film. Unlike the commonly adopted direct-coating method, the film was fabricated by the physical immobilization of the fluorophore, CholG-3T-Py, onto a glass plate surface via preformed low-molecular-mass gelator (LMMGs)-based molecular-gel networks. The photophysical behavior of the film as prepared and its sensing performances to nitrobenzene (NB) were conducted after activation with toluene. It was found that the film as prepared and activated is sensitive to the presence of NB, and the sensing process is fully reversible. Furthermore, the effects of commonly found interferents, including structural analogues, raw materials, which are commonly used for the production of NB, and other nitroaromatics (NACs), on the sensing process were also tested. It was shown that only aniline and phenol possess slight interference. The present work not only extends the applications of LMMGs-based molecular gels but also provids a new approach for preparation of micro- and nano-structure-based fluorescent sensing films

Wearable Pressure Sensors with Capacitive Response over a Wide Dynamic Range

At present, there are mainly two types of capacitive pressure sensors based on ordinary capacitance and electrical double layer (EDL) capacitance. However, few researchers have combined these two types of capacitors in pressure sensing to improve the dynamic range of a sensor under pressure. Here, we fabricated a capacitive pressure sensor with an asymmetric structure based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) using a simple electrospinning process. A layer of mixed ionic nanofiber membrane and a layer of pure nanofiber membrane were stacked and used as the dielectric layer of the sensor. Due to the porous structure and non-stickiness of the pure nanofiber membrane, it can be penetrated by the mixed ionic nanofiber membrane under pressure, realizing the reversible conversion from ordinary capacitance to EDL capacitance, thereby achieving a great change in the capacitance value. The sensitivities of the sensor are 55.66 and 24.72 kPa–1 in the pressure ranges of 0–31.11 and 31.11–66.67 kPa, respectively, with good cycle stability, fast loading–unloading response time, and an ultra-low pressure detection limit as low as 0.087 Pa. Finally, this sensor was used for the detection of human physiological signals, and the sensor would have potential applications in the fields of human tactile sensing systems, bionic robots, and wearable devices